Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) control in sunflower with residual herbicides.

Abstract One of the most damaging species in sunflower crops in Brazil is the hairy beggartick (Bidens pilosa L). The large number of seeds, the various vegetative cycles during the year, the staggered germination and the scarcity of selective and effective herbicides to control this weed in sunflower are some of attributes that hinder the control of hairy beggartick populations. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the control of hairy beggarticks, as well as sunflower tolerance to herbicides. The treatments were as follows: S-metolachlor (1,200 and 2,400 g ai ha-1), flumioxazin (60 and 120 g ai ha-1), and sulfentrazone (150 and 300 g ai ha-1) and two controls (weedy and weed-free check). The selectivity of the herbicides was higher at low doses. Flumioxazin and sulfentrazone caused injury to sunflowers at the highest doses and mainly in sandy soils. Although S-metolachlor did not cause visual symptoms of injury, the higher dose reduced sunflower yield. The herbicides sulfentrazone and flumioxazin provided satisfactory control of hairy beggartick plants in both types of soils. S-metolachlor presented medium control of hairy beggarticks in clay soil; however, its efficiency was slightly higher when applied in sandy soil. The most efficient herbicide for controlling hairy beggartick plants was flumioxazin, followed by sulfentrazone

Dual analysis of host and pathogen transcriptomes in ostreid herpesvirus 1-positive Crassostrea gigas

Ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1) has become a problematic infective agent for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. In particular, the OsHV-1 \u3bcVar subtype has been associated with severe mortality episodes in oyster spat and juvenile oysters in France and other regions of the world. Factors enhancing the infectivity of the virus and its interactions with susceptible and resistant bivalve hosts are still to be understood, and only few studies have explored the expression of oyster or viral genes during productive infections. In this work, we have performed a dual RNA sequencing analysis on an oyster sample with a high viral load. High sequence coverage allowed us to thoroughly explore the OsHV-1 transcriptome and identify the activated molecular pathways in C.gigas. The identification of several highly induced and defence-related oyster transcripts supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against the virus and opportunistic microbes possibly contributing to subsequent spat mortality

Mitigating the impact of errors in travel time reporting on mode choice modelling

Travel time is a major component in understanding travel demand. However, the quantification of demand and forecasting hinges on understanding how travel time is perceived and reported. Travel time reporting is typically subject to errors and this paper focuses on the mitigation of their impact on choice models. The aim is to explain the origin of these errors by including elements of travel behaviour (e.g., activities during the trip), which have been shown to significantly affect mode choices and commuting satisfaction. Based on responses from a revealed preferences survey, we estimate a mode choice model that treats travel time as a latent variable and incorporates different sources of data along with information on travel activities. Employing these multiple \u2013 sometimes incongruent \u2013 sources of information in the choice model appears to be beneficial. Results from comparing a logit model assuming error-free inputs and the integrated hybrid model revealed significant impacts on the generated policy scenarios. The model results also contributed to identifying the main travel activity features that affect travel time reporting, providing indications that can assist in understanding and mitigating the impact of imprecise measurements

A two-step, user-centered approach to personalized tourist recommendations

Geo-localized, mobile applications can simplify a tourist visit, making the relevant Point of Interests more easily and promptly discernible to users. At the same time, such solutions must avoid creating unfitting or rigid user profiles that impoverish the users' options instead of refining them. Currently, user profiles in recommender systems rely on dimensions whose relevance to the user is more often presumed than empirically defined. To avoid this drawback, we build our recommendation system in a two-step process, where profile parameters are evaluated preliminarily and separately from the recommendations themselves. We describe this two-step evaluation process including an initial survey (N=206), and a subsequent controlled study (N=24). We conclude by emphasizing the benefit and generalizability of the approach

HPPD-Inhibiting herbicides alone or in tank-mix with Atrazine in elephant grass.

The interference imposed by weeds is one of the most important factors limiting elephant grass forage yield. Two experiments were carried out in 2015/2016 and 2017 to evaluate the selectivity and weed control of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)-inhibiting herbicides applied alone or in combination with atrazine in elephant grass. The treatments applied in the experiment conducted in Valença, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, were as follows: two rates of mesotrione (0.072 and 0.144 kg ha-1 + 0.5% v/v mineral oil - Assist®), two rates of tembotrione (0.075 and 0.100 kg ha-1 + 0.5% v/v mineral oil - Aureo®), atrazine + mesotrione (1.25 + 0.072 kg ha-1 + 0.5% v/v mineral oil - Assist®), atrazine + tembotrione (1.25 + 0.100 kg ha-1 + 0.5% v/v mineral oil - Aureo®), atrazine + mesotrione (1.25 + 0.072 kg ha-1), atrazine + tembotrione (1.25 + 0.100 kg ha-1) and two checks (weed-free check and weedy check). The same herbicide treatments and a check without application were applied in an experiment conducted in Coronel Pacheco, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Two application rates of mesotrione with the addition of mineral oil or the tank mixture of atrazine plus mesotrione, with or without the addition of mineral oil, did not provide injuries capable to reduce elephant grass forage yield. Tembotrione was phytotoxic to elephant grass when applied with mineral oil. Atrazine plus tembotrione in a tank-mix, with or without mineral oil, were also phytotoxic to elephant grass. All treatments provided satisfactory weed control

ChloroMitoCU: Codon patterns across organelle genomes for functional genomics and evolutionary applications

© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute. Organelle genomes are widely thought to have arisen from reduction events involving cyanobacterial and archaeal genomes, in the case of chloroplasts, or α-proteobacterial genomes, in the case of mitochondria. Heterogeneity in base composition and codon preference has long been the subject of investigation of topics ranging from phylogenetic distortion to the design of overexpression cassettes for transgenic expression. From the overexpression point of view, it is critical to systematically analyze the codon usage patterns of the organelle genomes. In light of the importance of codon usage patterns in the development of hyper-expression organelle transgenics, we present ChloroMitoCU, the first-ever curated, web-based reference catalog of the codon usage patterns in organelle genomes. ChloroMitoCU contains the pre-compiled codon usage patterns of 328 chloroplast genomes (29,960 CDS) and 3,502 mitochondrial genomes (49,066 CDS), enabling genome-wide exploration and comparative analysis of codon usage patterns across species. ChloroMitoCU allows the phylogenetic comparison of codon usage patterns across organelle genomes, the prediction of codon usage patterns based on user-submitted transcripts or assembled organelle genes, and comparative analysis with the pre-compiled patterns across species of interest. ChloroMitoCU can increase our understanding of the biased patterns of codon usage in organelle genomes across multiple clades. ChloroMitoCU can be accessed at: http://chloromitocu.cgu.edu.tw

IDENTIFICAZIONE DELLE LESIONI POLMONARI IN RM CON UNA SEQUENZA VIBE MODIFICATA E CON UNA SEQUENZA VIBE STANDARD: UN CONFRONTO CON LA TC.

Scopo valutare l\u2019accuratezza della RM a 3 Tesla nell\u2019individuazione di lesioni polmonari con una sequenza VIBE modificata e con una sequenza VIBE standard, usando la TC come riferimento. Materiale e metodi abbiamo rivalutato retrospettivamente 37 pazienti oncologici (11 pediatrici e 26 adulti; 19 F) sottoposti a TC e PET/RM da 3T il cui protocollo prevedeva una sequenza VIBE acquisita a respiro trattenuto con echo time (TE) di 0.89 ms e flip angle (FA) di 3\ub0. Le VIBE sono state valutate da tre osservatori per l'identificazione di noduli >5mm o =5mm. Un quarto osservatore ha valutato delle sequenze VIBE standard (TE di 1.2 ms e FA di 10\ub0), anch\u2019esse incluse nel protocollo, ed infine un quinto lettore ha analizzato le immagini TC (considerate come standard di riferimento).Sia per paziente che per singola lesione sono state calcolate sensibilit\ue0 e specificit\ue0 per le due categorie di noduli ed il coefficiente di correlazione intraclasse (ICC) per i lettori delle VIBE modificate. Risultati analisi per paziente (positivit\ue0=1 lesione): sensibilit\ue0 84.6% e specificit\ue0 di 100% per noduli>5mm (VIBE standard 69.2% e 100%) e 44.4% e 100% per noduli=5mm (VIBE standard 33.3% e 100%). Analisi per lesione (presenza/assenza): sensibilit\ue0 di 83.9% per noduli>5mm (VIBE standard 67.74%) e 37.5% per noduli=5mm (VIBE standard 18.7%). L\u2019ICC nell\u2019analisi per paziente era 0.911 per noduli>5mm e 0.902 per noduli=5mm; nell\u2019analisi per lesione 0.866 per noduli>5mm e 0.699 per noduli=5mm. Conclusioni la sequenza VIBE modificata \ue8 riproducibile ed accurata per l\u2019individuazione di noduli >5mm, mentre l\u2019accuratezza risulta meno soddisfacente per i noduli=5mm. L\u2019utilizzo della sequenza modificata nei protocolli RM sembra ragionevole per migliorare la visualizzazione del polmone